Shahed-136 / Geran-2

The Shahed-136 — designated Geran-2 by Russian forces — is a delta-wing one-way attack drone (loitering munition) developed by Iran's Aircraft Manufacturing Industries (HESA). Powered by a Mado MD-550 four-cylinder piston engine producing a distinctive 'moped' sound, it cruises at approximately 185 km/h and carries a 40–50 kg shaped-charge warhead across a range of 1,800–2,500 km. The design uses GPS-INS navigation, making it resistant to GPS jamming through inertial backup, and can be salvoed in swarms of dozens from towed multi-rail launchers.

Iran began supplying Shahed-136s to Russia in late 2022, and they have become a strategic weapon in Russia's campaign against Ukrainian civilian infrastructure — power stations, substations, heating plants, and water facilities. Ukraine has developed layered air defense countermeasures combining MANPADS, mobile gun systems, and electronic warfare, achieving intercept rates of 60–80% on some waves. Russia has simultaneously moved toward domestic licensed production of the design under the KuPOL enterprise in Yelabuga, targeting output of 6,000+ airframes annually.